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VAT rates for every supported jurisdiction.

Current standard, reduced and special VAT rates for the EU, the United Kingdom, Norway and Switzerland, with a source and a reviewed date for every figure.

Ranked by standard rate

The highest standard VAT rates in the reviewed set. Reduced tiers are shown beside the standard rate so a headline number is never the whole story.

  1. 01Hungary (HU)27 (18)
  2. 02Finland (FI)25.5 (14)
  3. 03Croatia (HR)25 (13)
  4. 04Denmark (DK)25
  5. 05Norway (NO)25 (15)
  6. 06Sweden (SE)25 (12)
  7. 07Estonia (EE)24 (13)
  8. 08Greece (EL)24 (13)
  9. 09Ireland (IE)23 (13.5)
  10. 10Poland (PL)23 (8)
  11. 11Portugal (PT)23 (13)
  12. 12Slovakia (SK)23 (19)
  13. 13Italy (IT)22 (10)
  14. 14Slovenia (SI)22 (9.5)
  15. 15Belgium (BE)21 (12)
  16. 16Czechia (CZ)21 (12)
  17. 17Latvia (LV)21 (12)
  18. 18Lithuania (LT)21 (12)
  19. 19Netherlands (NL)21 (9)
  20. 20Romania (RO)21 (11)
  21. 21Spain (ES)21 (10)
  22. 22Austria (AT)20 (13)
  23. 23Bulgaria (BG)20 (9)
  24. 24France (FR)20 (10)
  25. 25Northern Ireland (XI)20 (5)
  26. 26United Kingdom (GB)20 (5)
  27. 27Cyprus (CY)19 (9)
  28. 28Germany (DE)19 (7)
  29. 29Malta (MT)18 (12)
  30. 30Luxembourg (LU)17 (14)
  31. 31Switzerland (CH)8.1 (2.6)

All rates

Standard, reduced, special and zero tiers. Rates are percentages; zero indicates a zero-rated tier exists rather than that every supply is zero-rated.
JurisdictionStandardReducedSpecialZeroPage
Austria2013, 10, 4.9——Details
Belgium2112, 6——Details
Bulgaria209——Details
Croatia2513, 5——Details
Cyprus199, 5, 3——Details
Czechia2112——Details
Denmark25——0Details
Estonia2413, 9——Details
Finland25.514, 10——Details
France2010, 5.5, 2.1——Details
Germany197——Details
Greece2413, 6, 4——Details
Hungary2718, 5——Details
Ireland2313.5, 9, 4.8—0Details
Italy2210, 5, 4——Details
Latvia2112, 5——Details
Lithuania2112, 5——Details
Luxembourg1714, 8, 3——Details
Malta1812, 7, 5——Details
Netherlands219——Details
Poland238, 5——Details
Portugal2313, 6——Details
Romania2111——Details
Slovakia2319, 5——Details
Slovenia229.5, 5——Details
Spain2110, 4——Details
Sweden2512, 6——Details
United Kingdom205—0Details
Northern Ireland205—0Details
Norway2515, 12—0Details
Switzerland8.12.63.80Details

Sources: European Commission — VAT rates · Last reviewed 2026-09-14

Browse by jurisdiction

Questions

Which countries are covered?

Every European Union member state, plus the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, Norway and Switzerland. Each jurisdiction page names the authority source and the reviewed date.

How current are the rates?

Each rate row shows when it was last reviewed. Rates change by national budget, so the source link on every row is the authoritative reference for a binding decision.

Can I use these rates on an invoice?

Use them as orientation. A rate can depend on the exact supply, the customer's status and the place of supply. Confirm the treatment with the authority or a tax adviser before invoicing at scale.

Orientation only. These rates are a reference, not tax advice. The exact rate can depend on the supply, the customer and the place of supply. The linked authority publication is authoritative.

Need the rate applied with the rest of the evidence?

VAT.tools stores each validation and company check with its source and observation time, so a rate decision can point at the record behind it.

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